Direct Utilization of Geothermal Resources in Kenya

Abstract

Geothermal resources in Kenya are mainly located along the Kenyan Rift, which is part of the eastern arm of the African Rift. The primary forms of utilization of geothermal energy in Kenya currently are mainly electric power generation (168 MWe) and direct uses (~18 MWt) to a small extent. Though about 99% of geothermal utilization in the country is generation of electricity, direct uses are gaining momentum in various parts of the country. Farmers have for decades, used geothermal heat to dry pyrethrum flowers and condense steam for drinking at Eburru while the Oserian Development Company in Naivasha is using geothermal energy to heat 50 hectares of greenhouses of cut roses for export. A tourist hotel at Lake Bogoria is utilizing spring water at 38°C to heat a spa pool. Despite the availability and enormous potential in direct use applications, little use has been made of low enthalpy fluids in Kenya. This paper therefore discusses direct use applications and available opportunities in swimming, bathing, balneology, agricultural, aquiculture and in residential and industrial sectors