Geothermal Energy Research in the Erzurum Province, Turkey

Abstract

The Ilica and Pasinler geothermal sites, 28 km and 40 km respectively from the city center, are the only geothermal areas of Erzurum, located in Eastern Anatolia. Erzurum has snow tourism opportunities in addition to of historical sites. It is famous for being one of the coldest locations of Turkey. The International University Winter Olympics will be held in Erzurum, in year 2011, the new geothermal site will occasionally be of meaningful value.
The Hamamderesi Geothermal field is located 8 km northeast, of Erzurum. A spring called Hamamderesi Hot Spring, of 34.4oC has been discharging at a rate of 5 l/s, for almost a century. This geothermal investigation is the first one performed in the area.
Miocene aged andesitic volcanism, overlaying the Jurassic ophiolites, can be seen as the heat source of the geothermal system. Pliocene aged sediments of the Horasan Formation, overlain by Pliocene and Quaternary basalts behave like a reservoir, from which the spring discharges.
Fluid characteristics show Na+Mg+HCO3 type thermal water. Mineral waters of temperatures ranging between 22oC and 24oC also discharge from the Horasan Formation tectonic zones.
Geological and hydrogeological investigations have been completed, in parallel with geophysical and hydrochemical studies. Radon and CO2 gas measurements have also been taken.
According to site characteristics, morphological properties of the geothermal system, and the evaluation of investigations, high temperatures are not expected during production. Winter and thermal tourism give value to the Hamamderesi geothermal area. A low degree thermal fluid will then be applicable for the use of thermal opportunities. Such applications will also improve cultural, social and economical structure of the habitants.