Evolution of selected geochemical and reservoir factors influencing the exploitation of the Podhale geothermal system, S-Poland

Abstract

The Podhale system was the first in Poland where geothermal space heating and other uses were initiated in the 1990??s. In 2001 the main facilities of a regional heating system were started. It will be one of the largest in Europe in its capacity and heat production. Water discharged from Mesozoic and Eocene carbonates, has a temperature of 76-86 ?Cat the outflows, and forms a good basis for multipurpose uses. To assure proper current production and project development, the investments have been accompanied by research and monitoring of the system. Recently, a study was done using selected methods (X-ray analysis, fluid inclusions, geothermal geochemistry) including those used to analyse thermal evolution of sedimentary basins (e.g. Oxyreactive Thermal Analysis, for the first time applied for Podhale). They combined cognitive and practical aspects to define factors controlling processes crucial for geothermal evolution, exploitation and use. The paper presents some results of the mentioned research and monitoring of the Podhale system in reference to sustainable longterm production for space heating and other uses.It focuses on such issues as water-rock equilibrium, secondary mineralization, scaling, corrosion, and results of almost 10-years of hydrodynamical and chemical monitoring. Considering curative features of geothermal water, the prospects of extending uses applications by balneotherapy and recreation are presented. These services should bewidely developed in Podhale ?? the main tourist area in Poland. The subject is supplemented by a brief paleohistory of those components of the system, which are essential for its understanding, optimum exploitation, and use.