Geothermal Applications in Turkey: the Technology and Economics

Abstract

There have been 140 geothermal field discovenes since 1960's in Turkey, in which, 133 of them are smtable for geothermal direct use applications and the rest for power generation Geothermal energy is mostly uhlized in dlrect use (beahng of residences, greenhouses, thermal facihhes) and for balneological purposes in Turkey The installed capacities of the city based geothermal district heahng systems existing in Turkey are as the following GONEN (4500 residences, geothermal water temperature is - 80?C), SIMAV (6500 residences, -12O"C), KIRSEHIR (1800 residences, -57OC). KIZILCAHAMAM (2250 residences, - 80?C), EMIR-BALCOVA (15 000 residences, -125OC), SANDIKLI (5000 residences, -70 "C), AFYON (4000 residences, -95OC), KOZAKLI (700 residences, -9O"C), NARLIDERE (5000 residences, - 98?C ) Besides the geothermal direct use applicahons in Turkey, one geothermal power plant with 20 4 MWe installed capacity in Denizli-Kizildere and one geothermal liqmd COz and dry ice production factory (40 000 tons/year) integrated to IOzildere geothermal power plant exist in Turkey Chemcal inhibitors and smtable material selection, the negative effects such as scaling and corrosion dependmg on the chemcal composition of geothermal fluid are mnimzed The cost per residence connected to the geothermal district beating system in Turkey, is around 1500-2500 USD (network and system included, the radiator installahon in the houses excluded)