REAL-TIME TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS (TSS) MONITORING SUITABLE FOR GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS

Abstract

Bacman Geothermal Power Plant operates with a 189 MW capacity using geothermal steam, which varies in chemical composition and can contain total suspended solids (TSS) that affect turbine reliability. Elevated TSS levels contribute to erosion, scale formation, and pitting corrosion on turbine components. This study evaluated a newly acquired online monitoring system capable of measuring TSS, pH, conductivity, and sodium in real time. Geothermal steam samples were collected using an isokinetic probe and processed through a turbidity sensor system based on the scatter-light principle. Results from the online system were compared with standard laboratory methods. Findings showed that the equipment achieved accuracy within a 5% error margin for TSS concentrations across all concentrations particularly when the results are above 2.0 ppm. Online data trends are also aligned with grab sample spikes during operational upsets, allowing for the optimization of sampling frequency and limiting grab sampling to critical conditions. While the focus was on TSS, other parameters such as pH, conductivity, and sodium were also assessed and compared with laboratory methods to demonstrate the broader capability of the system. This real-time monitoring technology offers reliable data that supports operational decision-making and helps mitigate equipment damage due to poor steam purity.