Can geothermal vegetation monitoring be standardised in New Zealand?

Abstract

Standardised monitoring protocols for measuring ecosystem integrity across Aotearoa New Zealand’s diverse environments are under active development. However, no recommendations have been made for ecosystems considered dangerous to sample due to their intrinsic hazards, including geothermal ecosystems that contain heated and unstable ground. Waikato Regional Council commissioned a review of geothermal ecosystem monitoring, including consideration of options for implementing quantitative monitoring methods compatible with the national monitoring framework. Monitoring of geothermal ecosystems has occurred since the 1970s. Methods and data collected vary among studies and the most widely used method may not be fit for all purposes to which it is applied. Monitoring of geothermal vegetation presents a range of challenges: difficulty of access, high habitat diversity within sites, and habitats and species susceptible to trampling impacts. These challenges are discussed. Using our experience in survey and monitoring of geothermal systems, we designed a methodology and undertook monitoring using the standardised protocols at a number of sites in the Waikato Region. This paper discusses the challenges and advantages of using a national approach for this monitoring.