Fluid Flow, Rock Deformation, and Seismic Response During Utah FORGE Circulation Tests

Abstract

In this work, we investigate the Utah FORGE circulation experiments conducted in 2023, within the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) resulting from the multi-stage stimulation of April 2022. Using field data and modeling, we estimate the extent and permeability of the SRV by integrating micro-seismicity data and injection pressure records. Pore pressure mapping and flow distribution in the circulation tests are obtained as part of the modeling and calibration using field data. The analysis of micro-seismic record illustrates the geomechanical features of the reservoir rock mass response to stimulation, depicting the contributions of both hydraulic fracturing and shear stimulation mechanisms. Finally, phenomenon related to the onset of seismicity during fluid circulation is described and analyzed. Notably, our findings indicate a violation of the Kaiser effect during reinjection into previously stimulated SRV. Furthermore, pressure diffusion appears to be the more dominant driver of microseismicity in comparison to stress shadow and its relief.