Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainability in Geothermal Exploration Areas; Case Study of Olkaria Geothermal Field, Kenya

Abstract

Major geothermal prospects occur in fragile ecosystems constituting a rich tapestry of all forms of life and the ecosystems that they are part. Ensuring intra and intergenerational equity in geothermal development is critical for conservation of biological diversity. Relative to the variety of habitats, biotic communities and ecological Processes in the biosphere, biodiversity is an important pre-requisite for all forms of life to exist as it provides valuable ecosystem services. There exist several threats to biodiversity and biodiversity conservation including loss of habitat, over-exploitation, pollution, and climate change. One of the key components crucial in economic and social development is energy. The current energy exploration and use has resulted in environmental changes with significant local and regional effects. To mitigate this, several environmental concerns including proper environmental planning in combination with environmental laws have to be put into consideration. This paper is therefore to highlight key factors the Olkaria project has been applying for its success story, challenges and experiences in matters environment given that Olkaria geothermal project is within a protected area, Hells Gate National Park.