The Polish Experience in Utilization of Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells for Geothermal Purposes

Abstract

Geothermal energy, as an ecological and sustainable source of energy, is an excellent alternative to fossil fuels in the context of generation of heat and electricity. In Poland, geothermal resources have been used since the 90s of the last century. So far, six geothermal heating plants, a few recreation and balneological centers have been operated. Generally, the utilization of geothermal energy is possible mainly due to the deep boreholes, either brand-new ones dedicated for geothermal extraction or old, petroleum wells adapted to geothermal purposes. However, Polish geothermal energy sector is based primarily on new geothermal wells, there is also the Mszczonów IG-1 well that underwent the successful revitalization process and for around 20 years has been working for geoDistrict Heating Plant. It is worth mentioning that tremendous but unexploited potential resides in the possibility of utilization of petroleum boreholes located within oilfields such as the Carpathian Foredeep Province and others. Currently, the positive changes in the domestic legislation and opportunity of obtaining a financial support for a geothermal investment bring the intensified investments in drilling of new geothermal boreholes. Nonetheless, there is a prospect for the future development of utilization of old petroleum wells, as it might become economically and ecologically justified under Polish circumstances. Thus, the paper presents Polish experience in utilization of abandoned oil and gas wells for geothermal energy extraction with a special emphasis on technical aspects.