The Fault Estimation in Hydraulic Engineering

Abstract

The study of tectonic faults is one of most actual and difficult problems of engineering geologic theory and practice. The fault structure, its genesis, morphology, age and mechanism of formation, morphometric parameters (fault and width, the extension of fault surface) have an impact on the geomechanical and anisotropic properties of the rock massif, hydrogeologic conditions, slope stability and others. The analysis of geological structures of foundation of hydroelectric facilities, such as Rogun Hydroelectric station at Vakhsh river (Tajikistan), Inguri Hydroelectric station (Georgia), Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric station and Sayan-Shushenskoye Hydroelectric station (both at Yenisei river in Russia) is in the basis of this paper. This paper is based on the thesis that the fault zone has to be regarded as a special engineering geologic massif, which is characterized by the stretched form, zonal structure, unfavorable engineering geologic conditions, and it complicates the fault estimation. The author suggests to pay principle attention to the detailed study of the fault structure, composition, sizes and other fault peculiarities. The paper represents the significance of the material rock composition in the fault estimation. Many factors influence on the fault parameters, such as strain state, material rock composition and others. This paper considers material rock composition, as one of the factors. The author has studied the fault zones peculiarities on the basis of the analysis and generalization of materials on the fault tectonics received during investigations in the regions of different geologic formations. These peculiarities should be taken into consideration during engineering geologic researches. For the quantitative estimation of geomechanical and hydraulic properties in faulting zones the relative ratio was calculated.