SP interpretation can be ambiguous - giving highly non-unique physical models. The ambiguity can be limited by constraining the interpretation. If the SP anomaly arises from forced convection along a vertical fracture zone, an integral equation can be derived from which the SP anomaly may be calculated or inverted to a source. The source arises from divergence of a product of flow parameters, divided by the permeability. The formulation permits an assessment of the non-uniqueness present in SP interpretations for forced convection flow.

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