Hazards and Safety Measures in Geothermal Projects

Abstract

In the exploration and exploitation of geothermal resources, there are potential dangers to human life and property which are rare or absent in many other developments. They are the immediate or eventual consequences of volcanism, seismicity, or human attempts to improve that environment, and recognition of the possible hazards and their mitigation is necessary for responsible project planning. Particular dangers to the person include physical injury from falls, flows or explosions, poisoning or suffocation from gas concentrations, burns and deafness. Severe damage to property may be caused by earth movements of various sorts, ash showers, corrosion, flooding, etc. Acceptable levels of protection can be sought under three general headings, namely: (a) avoidance, where possible, of the hazardous circumstances; (b) design to resist the effects of unavoidable events; (c) preparedness to undertake necessary and timely remedial action. This paper elaborates on the range of disasters possible and on the measures which can be taken to minimize their repercussions.