Do Geothermal Power Plants Affect Ecosystems- a Review - Bio-Indicators Data Acquisition and Processing Protocols

Abstract

Geothermal power plants emit a range of non condensable gases (NCGs) and other elements which have the potential to deposit and bio accumulate in ecosystems. These emitted components such as sulphur (from H2S gas) and trace elements (arsenic, boron, antimony and mercury) pose deleterious long term effects to ecosystem components if not monitored. Some studies in the Mediterranean, sub-tropics and sub-arctic terrestrial ecosystems have revealed deposition and associated impacts of these components in plants and soils, which were used as bio-indicators. The consequences include impacts on plant growth and metabolism. As more of these studies are still limited, wide knowledge on effects of these components and the monitoring protocols to employ for geothermal developers is still lacking. This paper reviews lessons learnt from such studies on effects of geothermal power plant emissions to ecosystems to address the questions, how such studies can be performed, which data needs to be acquired and the processing involved. Knowledge of these studies is important for geothermal power developers to ensure implementation of appropriate mitigation measures for unforeseen environmental impacts to promote sustainable development.