Application of low enthalpy geothermal resource in the built environment

Abstract

Over 50% of the world’s population lives in cities today based on estimations by the World Bank and the United Nations. This migration of people is driving an increase in urban energy demands and greenhouse gas emissions associated with the energy demand of acclimatizing buildings. This trend is reflected in Jakarta, one of the most populated cities in the world; however, some leaders such as Pertamina Energy Company are aiming to create a new paradigm of sustainable buildings. Their proposed headquarters is being designed to include a super-tall tower that consumes all of its power from clean onsite sources. Current renewable application under investigation for the tower includes a low enthalpy geothermal system in a combined heat and power scheme using binary cycle technology as primary source of energy. Geothermal has the highest energy density (kWh/m2) compared to other renewable energy sources and thus is more efficient. Further, the waste heat recovered from the organic vapor turbine will feed absorption chillers and satisfy much of the site’s cooling demands. This paper will study the integration of low temperature, compact geothermal plants into an urban environment. As people continue to migrate into cities, geothermal energy will prove to be a viable option that reduces greenhouse gases and makes a more livable city.