Exploration and Research of Geothermal Resources in Beijing, China

Abstract

Beijing started the earliest geothermal exploration in 1956. The purpose of geothermal exploration and resources assessment serves for Xiaotangshan Hot Spring Sanatorium. Geothermal was recognized as one of new energies in 1970 in China. Geothermal exploration was carried out in Beijing urban area at that time. Beijing Geothermal Field was confirmed by three successful geothermal wells in the ensuing year. Hereafter continuous geothermal exploration extended range and depth. Identified reserves were enlarged progressively. Up to now four geothermal zones have been recognized. Ten geothermal fields were divided with a total area of 2.7 million km2. The temperature ranges between 36 „aC and 118.5 „aC. Geothermal water is HCO3-Na type mainly. The contents for SiO2, F and some Rn and Ra have reached the index of mineral water. Give consideration to both exploitation and protection, geothermal resources were controlled to exploit 10 million m3 per year in Beijing. It was used for district heating, greenhouse planting, aquaculture feeding, bath and medical treatment, and tourism relax and resort. Geothermal water was realized integrated use and cascade use. Especially in Nangong village it has created a conversion from traditional agricultural cultivation economy to modern geothermal economy. Since 1950s Beijing has carried out geothermal monitoring. Geothermal reinjection test started in 1970s. At the middle of 1980s Beijing implemented the geothermal management. Since 2000s Beijing has come true geothermal productive reinjection with highest record over 60% in Xiaotangshan geothermal field. All these measures have ensured a sustainable development for the renewable geothermal energy. Beijing pays attention to international cooperation and exchange in geothermal works. It made us learned advanced technology and experiences from the world. However it directed and enhanced our work and research.