Geothermal Energy: the Possible Source to Contribute on Tanzania Energy Mix and Beyond

Abstract

Tanzania is well endowed in various sources of energy, including geothermal, wind, solar, biomass, natural gas and hydro. Most of these sources are at different stages of development, with the exception of geothermal which is not yet taped as it is still undergoing assessment. In the country’s electricity mix, hydropower is dominant; and as a result the country experiences shortfalls in electricity supply in seasons with insufficient rains. By January 1, 2014, hydro power stood at 561.84MW.In attempt to ensure sufficient electricity supply, Tanzania intends to diversify the country’s energy mix especially by exploring alternative sources of energy. The geothermal energy is considered to be amongst the most reliable alternatives to contribute in stabilization of energy supply in Tanzania, which will eventually lead to stabilization of energy prices. Tanzania is among the East African countries said to have abundant geothermal resources. Some of the hot springs that give proof of the presence of geothermal resources in the country are located in areas transacted by the East African Rift Valley System. Such sites include Northern volcanic provinces of Kilimanjaro, Meru and Ngorongoro; and the Rungwe Volcanic province in Southwest Tanzania. Similarly, some coastal areas also show surface manifestations of geothermal resources. It is believed that developing geothermal energy in Tanzania will improve power stability, attract tourism and above all, reduce greenhouse gases, and enhance crop cultivation and animal husbandry as well as increase industrial and commercial activities especially in areas with geothermal resources.