Comparison Characterization and Interpretation of Geothermal Fuid Geochemistry in Sedimentary Environments of Kibiro, Panyimur and Öxarfjördur

Abstract

Geochemical data interpretation of representative chemical analytical and isotopic results, of geothermal systems in sedimentary geological settings of two different environments attained by standard analytical methods were studied in this research work. Techniques like: - Chemical geothermometers (silica and cations geothermometers) were used in the prediction of variation of temperatures from these geothermal systems. The speciation programme WATCH was used to calculate the different speciation of anions and cations, Na/K, Quartz and Chalcedony temperatures, Ternary diagram for Na/1000-K/100-√Mg based on the equilibration conditions of the cations in these waters at particular temperatures, and Cl-SO4-HCO3 ternary plot constructed, different mixing models and plots of different constituent relationships were used in the comparison characterization and interpretations of the geochemistry of these different geothermal areas. The geochemistry of magmatically driven geothermal systems may be used to develop effective exploration techniques for the geothermal systems that are driven by temperature gradient like the East African Rift System (EARS) the western branch of which Kibiro and Panyimur are part. The chemical and isotopic composition of the water samples from Kibiro, Panyimur and Öxarfjördur, suggest mixing of cold ground water with geothermal waters. Major ions and isotope parameters were used to characterize the waters from Kibiro and Panyimur as Na-Cl-HCO3 and waters from Öxarfjördur as Na-Cl. The main processes affecting the geothermal system in the sedimentary geological environment are:-dilution and conductive cooling