Injection History and Strategy - Tiwi Geothermal Field, Philippines

Abstract

The Tiwi injection system progressed zero brine injection in 1979, when commercial production began, to brine injection in 1993. Total brine injection in Tiwi was difficult to achieve because injection had an adverse impact on production wells and there was a lack of permeability in the peripheral injection locations. Injection was moved from in-field to edge-field and, finally, to out-field areas in order to minimize the adverse impact. A combination of edge-field and out-field hot brine injection is currently the optimal disposal system for Tiwi.