Annual utilization factor -prerequisite for feasibility of direct geothermal energy use

Abstract

The price of the energy produced; therefore the feasibility of direct geothermal energy use largely depends on the annual utilization factor which has to be above certain value to obtain sustainability, competitiveness and further development. Speaking about low temperature geothermal resources (up to 100oC), this can be achieved either by single steady consumers (like industry) or with combination of users to enable full year utilization of the resource as also the full available capacity (temperature difference). On the other hand, there are the available potential consumers determined with the local social, economical, geographical and traditional background. Consequently, when development of low-temperature geothermal resource is in question careful approach and strategy for its implementation is necessary. But, also, as new development offers an opportunity from the start to be set at sound basis and in a timely manner to define the expectations for future expansion and development. Furthermore, the combination with other locally available renewable energy sources would enable local self-sustainability and energy independency – important factors to boost the local economy and social progress (job creation, emigration prevention). Finally, the orientation towards sustainable use of renewable energy sources redounds to clean environment, making the region desirable place for living and tourism. In the paper an overview is made of the possible lowtemperature geothermal energy consumers, obtained annual utilization factor, possible combinations with other RES and expected results and benefits. It concerns potential regional geothermal development in Macedonia.