Status of Geothermal Energy Exploration in Uganda

Abstract

Exploration for geothermal energy in Uganda has been in progress since 1993. The studies have focused on three major geothermal areas namely Katwe, Buranga and Kibiro. Katwe and Kibiro are in an advanced stage of surface exploration and will soon be subjected to exploratory drilling that will pave way for the feasibility study. The overall objective of the study is to develop geothermal energy as an alternative to hydro and other sources of power to meet the energy demand of rural areas in sound environment. The methodology of the study has focused on geology, geochemistry, hydrology and geophysics with the aim of elucidating subsurface temperatures and the spatial extent of the geothermal systems. The results indicate that the geothermal activity in the three areas is related to the volcanic and tectonic activities of the Rift Valley, which has a higher heat flow than the surrounding Precambrian crust. Subsurface temperatures of approximately 140-200?C, 120-150?C and 200- 220?C for Katwe, Buranga and Kibiro respectively have been predicted by geothermometry. Anomalous areas have been delineated in Katwe and Kibiro prospects using geological, hydrological and geophysical methods. Drilling of shallow boreholes to a depth of 200-300m and subsequent temperature gradient measurement on the anomalies will prove the existence of the resource and update the geothermal model that will be a basis for drilling of deep exploration wells. Other geothermal areas are at preliminary level of investigation and the results will soon be available that will be a basis for their prioritisation for future development.