A Review of Resource Consent Conditions for Large-Scale Geothermal Developments in New Zealand

Abstract

Since 1991 large geothermal projects in New Zealand have been regulated by regional authorities through resource consents. Consents have been granted for 8 projects (counting Wairakei and Poihipi separately), of which Rotoma was for exploration only. While there will always be a need for sitespecific factors to be taken into account in conditions for resource consents, the range of conditions to date is clearly wider than ideal, and in some cases appears quite arbitrary. Consistency is needed especially in terms of quanti@ing mass and energy limits, including for drilling and well testing, well heat up and regular downhole surveys, frequency of repeat surveys, and air discharge. The requirement for microseismic monitoring should be dropped from the few projects to which it applies. The intent of the RMA is that it be effects-based. There is greater scope in this regard to set conditions requiring avoiding or remedying effects, rather than just monitoring or regulating processes.