Academic History
  1973 B.S. Electrical Engineering, University of Mississippi
1974 M.S. Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology
1980 Ph.D. Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology

Professional Experience

 

1974-77 Staff Engineer, Communications Satellite Corporation Clarksburg, Maryland
1980-84 Senior Research Specialist, Exxon Production Research Company Houston, Texas
1984-88 Research Geophysicist, Standard Oil Production Company Dallas, Texas
1988-98 Associate Professor of Geophysics, Stanford University
1995 Petrobras Visiting Professor, Universidade Federal Da Bahia, Brasil
1998-present Professor of Geophysics, Stanford University
2000-present Chair, Department of Geophysics, Stanford University

2005-present Director, Center for Computational Earth & Environmental Science, Stanford
2007-present Associate Dean for Academic Affairs & Diversity, School of Earth Sciences

Honors and Awards
 

1979 Graduate Fellow, Hughes Aircraft Company
1989-94 David and Lucille Packard Fellow
1995-96 Member, Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee
1995 Distinguished Lecturer, Society of Petroleum Engineers
1998-00 University Fellow, Stanford University
2002 Distinguished Lecturer, Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists

2008-Present Named Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Geophysics

University Service
 

1988-present Director, Stanford Wave Physics Laboratory
1990-present Member, American Geological Institute Scholarship Committee
1993 Member, Space Committee, Department of Geophysics
1995 Review Committee, OTL Research Incentive Grants
1999-present Teacher, Stanford Summer Engineering Academy
1999-present Earth Sciences Council
2000-2001 Member, University Search Committee, Director OCR
2000-2001 Member, Search Committee in Petroleum Engingeering
2000-2002 Member, Committee on Academic Appraisal and Achievement
2000-present Chair, Department of Geophysics
2002-present Chair, SES Diversity Committee
2003-present Chair, SES Committee of Computational Geosciences

2005 Chair, PhD Committee, Management Science and Engineering
2006-2008 Member, University Faculty Senate
2007-2008 Member, Undergraduate Advisory Council
2007-2008 Member, Committee on Academic Computing and Information Systems
2007-2008 Member, University Committee on Committees
2007-2008 Chair, PhD Oral Examinations: Energy Resoirces Engineering and Geological and Environmental Sciences

Professional Activities
 

1995-present Presidential nominee, MIT Visiting Committee for EAPS
2001-2003 Member, National Research Council Committee on Staging Development of Nuclear Waste Repositories
2003-2007 USNC/IUGG U.S. National Committee for Geodesy and Geophysics
Present Member: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, American Geophysical Union, Acoustical Society of America, Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, Seismological Society of America

2004-2005 First Vice President, Society of Exploration Geophysicists
2004-2006 Member, DOE Merit Review Committee, NETL<
2005 Invited Speaker, SEG Development and Production Workshop on Seismic Attenuation, Austin, May 2005
2006-2007 Visiting Committee, Colorado School of Mines

Publications
 

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS:

  • 1981* Wells, W.H., Harris, J.M., and Lin, H.C. Multiple scatter of collimated irradiance. J. Opt. Soc. Am. Vol. 71, No.3, Pages 243-249, March 1981
  • 1987* Harris, J. M.. Diffraction tomography with discrete arrays of sources and receivers, IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. GE-25, No. 4, pp. 448-455.
  • 1987* McMechan, G. A., J. M. Harris, and L. Anderson. Cross-well tomography for strongly variable media with application to scale model data, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 77, No. 6, P. 1945-1960.
  • 1988 Harris, J.M., Ramm, A.G. Inversion of the acoustic well to well data. Appl. Math. Lett., Vol.1, No.2, Pages 127-131.
  • 1988* Harris, J. M. and A. G. Ramm. Two Dimensional Inversion of Well-to-Well Data, Appl. Math. Lett., Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 127-131.
  • 1988* Hu, L. Z., G. A. McMechan, and J. M. Harris. Acoustical pre-stack migration of cross-well data, Geophysics, Vol. 53, No. 8, pp. 1015-1023.
  • 1991* Michelena, R. and J. M. Harris. Tomographic traveltime inversion using natural pixels, Geophysics, Vol. 56, No. 5, pp. 635-644.
  • 1991 Harris, J. M., Cross-well seismology: Velocity imaging and in situ determination of rock properties, Geotomography, Vol. 1., Geotomography, pp. 99-105.
  • 1992 Michelena, R., Muir and J. M. Harris. Tomographic traveltime inversion in anisotropic media, Geotomography, Vol. 2, pp. 77 - 96.
  • 1993* Rubin, Y., G. Mavko, and J. M. Harris. Mapping permeability in heterogeneous aquifers using hydrologic and seismic data, Water Resources Research, Vol. 28, No. 7, pp. 1809-1816.
  • 1993* Lazaratos, S.K. and J.M. Harris, et al. High-resolution crosswell reflection imaging: potential and technical difficulties. Geophysics, Vol. 58, No. 9, pp. 1270-1280.
  • 1993* Michelena, R., F. Muir, and J.M. Harris. Anisotropic traveltime tomography. Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 41, pp. 381-412.
  • 1994* Hyndman, D.J., J.M. Harris, and S. Gorelick. Coupled seismic and tracer inversion. Water Resources Research, Vol. 30, No. 7, pp. 1965-1977.
  • 1994* Rector III, J.W., S.K. Lazaratos, J.M. Harris, and M. Van Schaack. Multi-domain analysis and wavefield separation of crosswell seismic data. Geophysics, Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 27-35.
  • 1994* Rector III, J.W., S.K. Lazaratos, J.M. Harris, and M. Van Schaack. Multi-domain analysis and wavefield separation of crosswell seismic data. Geophysics, v. 59, no. 1, pp. 27-35.
  • 1995* Lines, L., H. Tan, J.M. Harris, et al. Integrated reservoir characterization: beyond tomography, Geophysics, v. 60, no. 2, pp. 354-364.
  • 1995* Michelena, R., J.M. Harris, and F. Muir. Crosswell tomographic estimation of elastic constants in heterogeneous transversely isotropic media. Geophysics, v. 60, no. 3, pp. 774-783.
  • 1995* Harris, J.M., R. Nolen-Hoeksema, R.T. Langan, M. Van Schaack, S.K. Lazaratos, and J.W. Rector III, High resolution crosswell imaging of a west Texas carbonate reservoir: part 1 - project summary and interpretation. Geophysics, v. 60, no. 3, pp. 667-681.
  • 1995* Van Schaack, M., J.M. Harris, J.W. Rector III, and S. Lazaratos, High-resolution crosswell imaging of west Texas carbonate reservoir: part 2 - wavefield modeling and analysis. Geophysics, v. 60, no. 3, pp. 682-691.
  • 1995* Van Schaack, M., J.M. Harris, and J.W. Rector, High resolution crosswell imaging of a west Texas carbonate reservoir: part 3 - wavefield separation of reflections. Geophysics, v. 60, no. 3, pp. 692-701.
  • 1995* Lazaratos, S.K., J.M. Harris, J.W. Rector III, and M. Van Schaack, High resolution crosswell imaging of a west Texas carbonate reservoir: part 4 - reflection imaging. Geophysics, v. 60, No. 3, pp. 702-711.
  • 1995* Nolen-Hoeksema, R., Z. Wang, J.M. Harris, J.W. Rector III, and R.T. Langan, High resolution crosswell imaging of a west Texas carbonate reservoir: part 5-core analysis. Geophysics, v. 60, no. 3, pp. 712-726.
  • 1996* Chen, X., Y. Quan, and J.M. Harris, Seismogram synthesis for radially layered media using the generalized reflection/transmission coefficients method: theory and applications to acoustic logging. Geophysics, v. 61, no. 4, pp. 1150-1159.
  • 1996* Harris, J.M. and G.Y. Wang, Diffraction tomography for inhomogeneities in a layered background medium. Geophysics, v. 61, no. 2, pp. 570-583.
  • 1996* Hyndman, D. and J.M. Harris, Traveltime inversion for the geometry of aquifer lithologies, Geophysics, Vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 1728-1737.
  • 1997* Zhou, C, G.T. Schuster, S. Hassanzadeh, and J. M. Harris, Elastic wave equation traveltime and waveform inversion of crosswell data, Geophysics, Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 895-905.
  • 1997* Quan, Y. and J.M. Harris, Seismic attenuation tomography using the frequency shift method, Geophysics, Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 895-905.
  • 1997 Langan, R.T., S. K. Lazaratos, J. M. Harris, A.A. Vassiliou, T.L. Jenson, and J. W. Fairborn, Imaging of stratigraphically complex carbonate reservoirs with crosswell seismic data. In Carbonate Seismology, I. Palaz (ed) Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa.
  • 1999* Zhang, Z., G. Wang and J. M. Harris, Multi-component wavefield simulations in extensively dilatancy anisotropic media,, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 114, pp. 25-38.
  • 2000 Hyndman, D. W., J.M. Harris, and S. M. Gorelick, Inferring the relation between seismic slowness and hydraulic conductivity in heterogeneous aquifers,” WRR, Vol. 36, No. 8, pp. 2121-2132, August, 2000.
  • 2000 Franklin, J.B. and Harris, J.M. Modeling borehole acoustics using stretched grid finite-difference methods. STP Document Series.
  • 2000 Wawersik, W., J.W. Rudicki, P. Dove, J.M.Harris, J.M. Logan, L.Pyrak-Nolte, F.M. orr. P.J. Ortoleva, F. Richter, N.Warpiski, J. Wilson, and T. Wong, Terrestrial sequestration of CO2: An assessment of research needs. Advances in Geophysics, v.43, pp.97-177.
  • 2001 Franklin, J.B., Harris, J.M. High-order fast marching scheme for the linearized eikonal equation. Journal of Computational Acoustics, Vol.9, No.3, pages 1095-1109.
    2001 Wu, C., Harris, J.M. and J. Franklin, Single-well seismic modeling in viscoelastic media using a variable-grid finite-difference method, 71st Ann. Internat. Mtg: Soc. of Expl. Geophys, pp. 1155-1158.
  • 2002 Hyndman, David W., Harris, J.M., and Gorelick, Steven M. Inferring the relation between seismic slowness and hydraulic conductivity in heterogeneous aquifers. Water Resources Research, Vol. 36, No.8, Pages 2121-2131.
  • 2002 Mo, L.W. and Harris, J.M., Finite-difference calculation of direct-arrival traveltimes using the eikonal equation, Geophysics, Vol. 67, No. 4, p. 1270-1274.
  • 2002 Wu, C., Harris, J.M. and and K. T. Nihei, 2D finite-difference seismic modeling for a single fluid-filled fracture: comparison of thin-layer and linear-slip models, 72n Ann. Internat. Mtg: Soc. of Expl. Geophys, 2002, pp.1959-1962.
  • 2002 Harris, Jerry M., “Technology is important”, The Recorder, Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Vol 27, December, 2002, p. 12-18.
  • 2003 Pride, S.R., Harris, J.M., Johnson, D.L., Metelova, A., Nihei, K.T., Nowack, R.L., Rector, J.W., Schuster, G.T., Spetzler, H., Wu, R., Yamamoto, T., Berryman, J., Fehler, M. Permeability dependence of seismic amplitudes. Submitted to The Leading Edge on jan.21.
  • 2003 Day-Lewis, F.D., Lane, J.W., Harris, J.M., and Gorelick, S.M. Time-lapse imaging of saline-tracer transport in fractured rock using difference-attenuation radar tomography. Water resources Research, Vol.39, No. 10.
  • 2003 Day-Lewis, Frederick D., Harris, J.M., and Gorelick, Steven M. Time-lapse inversion of crosswell radar data. Geophysics, Vol. 67, No. 6, Pages 174-1752.
  • 2004 Pride, S.R., Berryman, J.G., and Harris, J.M. Seismic attenuation due to wave-induced flow. Journal of Geophysical research, Vol. 40.
  • 2004, Akintunde, O.M, Harris, J.M., Mukerji, T and Urban, J. "A Feasibility Study for CO 2 Monitoring in Coal Bed Methane". Expanded Abstracts, American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Annual Meeting Bulletin, Vol.88, No.13 (CO 2 Sequestration-DEG/SEPM/EMD Session).
  • 2004, Akintunde, O.M. Harris, J.M; and Quan, Y. "Crosswell Seismic Monitoring of Coal Bed Methane Production: A case study from the Powder River Basin of Wyoming". Expanded Abstract, 74 th Annual International Meeting of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG). Session TL-4, PP.2307-2310.
  • 2004, Harris, J.M. and Akintunde, O.M. "Time-lapse Seismic Monitoring of Coal Bed Methane Production: A Case Study from the Powder River Basin". Expanded Abstract 1 st Annual Coal Bed Natural Gas (CBNG), Monitoring, and Applications Conference, Wyoming, U.S.A
  • 2005, Franklin, Jonathan B. , Urban, J. and Harris, J.M, "Temporal Integration of Seismic Traveltime Tomography". 75th Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys.
  • 2004, Harris, J.M., Akintunde, O.M., Mukerji, T., and Urban, J. "Predicting Pressure and Saturation Changes from Elastic Wave Velocities in a CO2-Flooded Coal Bed Methane".In AAPG Annual Meeting,Dallas.
  • 2004, Wu, C., Harris, J.M., "An optimized variable-grid finite-difference method for seismic forward modeling", Journal of Seismic Exploration, accepted for publication in March 2004.
  • 2005, Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan B. and Minsley, Burke, "Application of minimum support constraints to seismic traveltime tomography". Presented at the 2005 AGU Fall Meeting, H13C-1344 (Poster).
  • 2005, Wu, C, Harris, J.M Nihei, K.T., Nakagawa, S., "2-D finite-difference seismic modeling of an open fluid-filled fracture: comparison of thin-layer and linear-slip models", Geophysics, Vol. 70, T57-T72.
  • June 2005, Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan B. , Geller, Jil T., and Harris, Jerry M., A Survey Of The Geophysical Properties of Chlorinated DNAPLs", Accepted to Journal of Applied Geophysics (JAG) (in press).
  • 2005, Harris, J.M, Quan, Y. and Xu, C., "Differential Acoustic Resonance Spectroscopy: An experimental method for estimating acoustic attenuation in porous media", SEG Expended Abstracts.
  • 2006, Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan B., Urban, Jaime A., and Harris, Jerry M., "Using Resolution-Constrained Adaptive Meshes For Traveltime Tomograpy", Journal of Seismic Exploration, 14: 371-390.
  • 2007* Ajo-Franklin, J. B., J. T. Geller, and J. M Harris (2007), Ultrasonic properties of granular media saturated with DNAPL/water mixtures, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L07404, doi:10.1029/2006GL029200.
  • (In Press)* Hu, H., W. Guan, and J. M. Harris, Theoretical simulation of electroacoustic borehole logging in fluid-saturated porous formations, J. Acoustical Society of America, in press.

Selected Extended Abstracts

  • 1988 Harris, J. M., High frequency cross-well seismic measurements in sedimentary rocks, Expanded Abstracts of the 58th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 147-150.
  • 1988 Balogh, T. and J. M. Harris, New piezoelectric transducer for hole-to-hole seismic applications, Expanded Abstracts of the 58th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 155-57.
  • 1990 Harris, J. M., L. Lines, H. Tan, G. Mavko, D. Moos, C. Pearson , R. Nolen-Hoeksema, and S. Treitel, Cross-well tomographic imaging of geological structures in gulf coast sediments, Expanded Abstracts of the 60th SEG Annual Mtg., p. 37-40.
  • 1990 Michelena, R. and J. M. Harris, Tomographic traveltime inversion using natural pixels, Expanded Abstracts of the 60th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 78-81.
  • 1990 Harris, J. M., Tomographic string inversion, Expanded Abstracts of the 60th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 82-85.
  • 1990 Lazaratos, S. and J. M. Harris, Radon transform/gaussian beam migration, Expanded Abstracts of the 60th SEG Annual Mtg., p. 1314-1317.
  • 1991 Lazaratos, S., J. W. Rector, J. M. Harris, and M. Van Schaack, High resolution imaging with cross-well reflection data, Expanded Abstracts of the 61st SEG Annual Mtg., p. 107-110.
  • 1991 Onishi, M. and J. M. Harris, Anisotropy from Head waves, Expanded Abstracts of the 61st SEG Annual Mtg., p. 115-118.
  • 1991 Smalley, N. and J. M. Harris, Statistics from tomographic string inversion, Expanded Abstracts of the 61st SEG Annual Mtg., p. 932-935.
  • 1992 Smalley, N. and J. M. Harris, CDP Stacking and Imaging of crosswell reflectors Expanded Abstracts of the 62th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 87-90.
  • 1992 Quan, Y. and J. M. Harris, Frequency shift transform Expanded Abstracts of the 62th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 1172-1175.
  • 1992 Harris, J. M. and Wang, Y. Guan, Restoration of far offset cross-well traveltimes Expanded Abstracts of the 62th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 30-34.
  • 1992 Rector, J. W., S. K. Lazaratos, J. M. Harris, M. Van Schaack, Extraction of reflections from cross-well wavefields, Expanded Abstracts of the 62th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 54-57.
  • 1993 Quan, Y. and J.M. Harris, Seismic attenuation tomography based on centroid frequency shift, Abstracts of the 63rd SEG Mtg., pp. 41-44.
  • 1993 Michelena, R., J. M. Harris and F. Muir, Tomographic estimation of elastic constants in heterogeneous transversely isotropic media, Expanded Abstracts of the 63rd SEG Mtg., pp. 630-633.
  • 1993 Harris, J. M. and G. Y. Wang,, Diffraction tomography in layer background medium, Expanded Abstracts of the 63rd SEG Mtg., pp. 49-52.
  • 1993 Mo, Le-wei and J. M. Harris, Migration of cross-well seismic data, Expanded Abstracts of the 63rd SEG Mtg., pp. 317-320.
  • 1993 Lines, L., H. Tan, J. M. Harris, et al. Integrated reservoir characterization: beyond tomography. Expanded Abstracts of the 63rd SEG Mtg., pp. 298-303.
    1993 Harris, J.M., R.C. Nolen-Hoeksema, et al., High resolution crosswell imaging of a west Texas carbonate reservoir, SPE Paper 28372.
  • 1993 Chen X, Y. Quan and J.M. Harris, Seismogram synthesis for radially multilayered media using the generalized reflection/transmission coefficients method, Expanded Abstracts of the 64th SEG Mtg, pp. 4-7.
  • 1994 Quan, Y, J, M. Harris and X. Chen, Acoustic attenuation logging using centroid frequency shift and amplitude ratio methods: a numerical study, Expanded Abstracts of the 64th SEG Mtg., pp. 8-11.
  • 1994 Zhou C, G.T. Schuster, S. Hassanzadeh, and J. M. Harris, Crosshole elastic WTW inversion of the McElroy data, Expanded Abstracts of the 64th SEG Mtg., pp. 50-53.
  • 1994 Lazaratos, R. T. Langan, J.M. Harris, B. Marion, Shear-wave crosswell reflection imaging in west Texas, Expanded Abstracts of the 64th SEG Mtg. Pp. 289-293.
  • 1994 Mo, L. and J. M. Harris, Calculation of direct arrival traveltimes by the eikonal equation, Expanded Abstracts of the 64th SEG Mtg., pp. 779-782.
  • 1994 Harris, J. M. and F. Yin, Nonlinear multifrequency wave equation inversion, Expanded Abstracts of the 64th SEG Mtg., pp. 988-991.
  • 1994 Harris, J. M. and L Dahlhaus, P-wave anisotropy in shales from crosswell data, Expanded Abstracts of the 64th SEG Mtg., pp. 1125-1128.
  • 1994 Langan, R.T., J.M. Harris, et al. High resolution imaging of carbonate reservoirs using cross-well seismology. Proceedings of the 13th Annual Saudi Aramco Laboratories Technical Exchange Mtg..
  • 1995 Van Schaack, M. A., J. M. Harris, K. Bube, and R. T. Langan, Crosswell reflection traveltime tomography: a field data demonstration, Expanded Abstracts of the 65th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 65-68.
  • 1995 Langan, R. T., J. M. Harris, S. K. Lazaratos, T. L. Jenson, and M. A. Van Schaack, Crosswell seismic imaging in the Permian Basin, west Texas, USA, Expanded Abstracts of the 65th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 81-84.
  • 1995 Mo, Le-wei and J. M. Harris, Analysis and attenuation of tube waves in crosswell seismic surveys, Expanded Abstracts of the 65th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 438-441.
  • 1995 Quan, Y. and J. M. Harris, Normal modes in radially multilayered media and applications to attenuation estimation from the stimulated mode acosutic log, Expanded Abstracts of the 65th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 480-483.
  • 1995 Yin, F. and J. M. Harris, Wave-equation tomography with phase correction from the first-arrival traveltimes, Expanded Abstracts of the 65th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 1051-1054.
  • 1996 Harris, J. M. et al., Experimental verification of seismic monitoring of CO2 injection in carbonate reservoirs, Expanded Abstracts of the 66th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 1870-1872.
  • 1996 Harris, J.M., F. Yin and Y. Quan, Enhanced oil recovery monitoring using P-wave attenuation, Expanded Abstracts of the 66th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 1882-1885.
  • 1996 Quan, Y., X. Chen and J.M. Harris, Elastic waves in complex radially symmetric media, Expanded Abstracts of the 66th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 1995-1998.
  • 1996 Moos, J. Harris, and J. Dvorkin, Applications of rock physics and petrophysics ro 3-D reservoir characterization, (Best of SEG/SPWLA Session), SPWLA Annual Convention, Dallas.
  • 1997 Rocha, A., J. M. Harris, and A. Baserei, Diffraction tomography with contraints form migraiton, 1997 Latin American Congress, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
  • 1998 Roque, Fernando de, J. M. Harris and M. A. Barsotelli,, Amplitude vs. angle – influence of petrophysical parameters in porous media, Expanded Abstracts of the 68th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 898-903.
  • 1998 Wu, X and J. M. Harris, Seismic wave modeling in poroelastic media using the generalized reflection/transmission (R/T) coefficients method, Expanded Abstracts of the 68th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 1799-1802.
  • 1998 Wang, G.Y., J. M. Harris, C. G. Magalhaes, D. Julander and M. Morea, Buena Vista Hills 3-D attenuation and velocity tomography, Expanded Abstracts of the 68th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 346-349.
  • 1999 Franklin, J.B and J.M. Harris, A distributed approach to 3-D seismic traveltime calculation, 5th SIAM Conference on Mathematical and Computational Issues in the Geosciences, San Antonio.
  • 1999 Franklin, J.B and J.M. Harris, "A high-order fast marching scheme for the linearized eikonal equation, 4th International Conference On Theoretical And Computational Acoustics, Trieste, p.50. Submitted to the Journal of Computational Acoustics.
  • 1999 Pal, A, T. Phan and J.M. Harris, A model study for the effects of flow on seismic signatures, Expanded Abstracts of the 69th SEG Annual Mtg., pp. 1040-1043.
  • 2000 J.W. Lane, Jr., F.D. Day-Lewis, J.M. Harris, F.P. Haeni, and S.M. Gorelick, Monitoring saline tracer tests in fractured rock using time-lapse attenuation-difference radar tomography: Results of a multiple-plane experiment at the Mirror Lake New Hampshire Fractured Rock Research Site, Extended Abstracts of the GPR2000 Conference (in press).