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| Figure 9.9a-d: Schematic examples of microscopic mechanisms of deformation at the grain scale in rock during strength tests. a) Microcrack growth from flaws within mineral grains. b) Wedging of one grain between neighbors with grain boundary sliding. c) Lateral extension of soft grain promotes crack growth in adjacent stiff grain. d) Slip of inclined flaw induces wing cracks. | ||||
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